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Parietal Layer - simple squamous epithelium that lines the outer wall of the capsule.
Visceral Layer - podocytes cover the glomerular capillaries. These cells have large ovoid nuclei.
Bowman's Space - the space between the parietal and visceral layers that receives the ultrafiltrate.
Glomerulus - blood flowing through a capillary network (or tuft) undergoes filtration to produce the ultrafiltrate.
Glomerular Capillaries - supplied by an afferent arteriole and drained by an efferent arteriole.
Podocytes - cover the surface of the glomerular capillaries and form narrow (~25 nm) filtration slits. These cells have large ovoid nuclei.
Mesangial Cells - large cells with irregularly shaped nuclei that have phagocytic and contractile function.
Vascular Pole - where the afferent and efferent arterioles enter and exit the glomerulus.
Urinary Pole - where the ultrafiltrate exits Bowman's space and a proximal convoluted tubule begins.
Kidney (Nephron)
Proximal Convoluted Tubule - begins from the urinary pole of a renal corpuscle.
Seen only in cross-section (#1 and #2) in the cortex because of their tortuous or convoluted course.
Simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium with an irregular, often stellate shaped lumen.
Eosinophilic - stain a darker pink than the distal tubules and ducts.
7x the number of profiles as distal tubules
Proximal Straight Tubule (Thick Descending Limb of Henle's Loop) - descends from the cortex into the medulla.
Seen as longitudinal sections (#1 and #2) in medullary rays and
cross-section in the medulla.
Similar in morphology to proximal convoluted tubule.
Thin Descending and Ascending Limbs (of Henle's Loop) - continuation of proximal straight tubule within the medulla that makes a hairpin turn and returns to the cortex.
