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CHAPTER 8 - HEMATOPOIESIS
Histology Guide
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Fig 027 Hematopoiesis
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T. Clark Brelje
University of Minnesota
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University of Minnesota
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Fig 027 Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

All blood cells arise from pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells which give rise to two types of committed stem cells: myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells.

Myeloid stem cells are predecessors of the myeloid cells (erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets), whereas lymphoid stem cells are predecessors of the lymphoid cells (T-, B-, and NK-cells). These stem cells undergo cell division and differentiation into progressively more specialized progenitor cells restricted to a single lineage.

Progenitor cells resemble small lymphocytes. Like the stem cells, they can not be identified morphologically but can be recognized by their expression of specific cell surface markers.

The progenitor cells give rise to precursor cells, which become recognizable as members of a specific lineage. Precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to yield mature cells.

This chapter describes the morphological characteristics of the precursor cells and mature cells found in bone marrow.

Hematopoiesis

Some hematopoietic cells are released into the circulation as immature cells, and complete their differentiation outside of bone marrow.

  • Monocytes - migrate from blood into tissues and develop into macrophages
  • Mast cells - mast cell progenitors (agranular) migrate from blood into tissues where they proliferate and mature into mast cells (granular)
  • Lymphocytes
    • T-cells - maturation into functional T cells occurs in the thymus before migration to specific regions of peripheral lymphoid tissues
    • B-cells - differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells occurs in peripheral lymphoid tissues (e.g., lymph nodes, spleen, and diffuse lymphoid tissue)

Hematopoiesis

Many of the hematopoietic progenitor cells were identified based on their ability to form colonies that contain one or more lineages when cultured in vitro.

These progenitor cells are known as colony-forming units (CFU):

  • CFU-E mega - erythroid/megakaryocyte
  • CFU-E - erythroid
  • CFU-mega - megakaryocyte
  • CFU-GM - granulocyte-macrophage
  • CFU-M - monocyte
  • CFU-G - neutrophil granulocyte
  • CFU-Eo - eosinophil granulocyte
  • CFU-Baso - basophil granulocyte
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